OpenOffice::OODoc::Styles - Document styles and layout processing
This class is designed to handle styles, whether automatic or named, contained in styles.xml or content.xml.
Remember that named styles are those that the end user can see and edit using the Stylist tool in OpenOffice.org. Such styles usually have meaningful names and are stored in the styles.xml member.
Care should be taken particularly with predefined base styles in OpenOffice.org. These styles are described in styles.xml just like named styles, but they appear to the end user with localised names (in their local language). For example, in the French version of OpenOffice.org, the "Text body" style appears as "Corps de texte", but it is still shown internally as "Text body", and it is by this internal name that applications must refer to it. However, this is not a problem for user-defined styles as the internal name is exactly the same as the display name.
There are also numerous "automatic" styles in a document which are created implicitly by the office application each time a particular set of presentation attributes is given to an element, but where no named style is referenced. Automatic styles which apply to the document body are stored in content.xml (but in an XML element isolated from the content). An automatic style's name can change randomly each time the document is edited or saved in OpenOffice.org. Applications which access automatic styles will not want to indicate them using "hard-coded" names. The best way is to retrieve each automatic style via an object that is known to use it. Using a "hard-coded" name is all right for styles created by a program (the createStyle method requires it), but such a name should only be considered to be stable for the duration of the session. If you want a program-created style name to be then respected by OpenOffice.org, you must create it as a named style. This is no more complicated, but it is better to avoid making hundreds of styles visible to the user that they do not need to see.
On the other hand, some styles are more complex than others as they describe the page layout. These styles can themselves contain text and images. A page style can actually be either:
- a header - a footer - margins - or a background.
Headers and footers can contain text and images which can otherwise be handled by OODoc::Text and OODoc::Image.
A background contains a colour and can also include a background image (several methods are possible).
Presentation of these objects is itself controlled by styles.
All of this leads to the conclusion that it is not enough just to associate each content element with a style. In reality, document styles form a rather complex network of interdependencies.
As for page styles, the OpenOffice.org format contains a concept which must be understood in order to use some of the following methods. By virtue of the principle of separation of content and presentation, the definition of a page style is based on two distinct objects: "master page" and "page master". A "master page" object encompasses any page style content (i.e. the content of headers and footers) and links to a "page master" object which describes page presentation characteristics (with large numbers of parameters from page dimensions to background colour to footnote separator size, etc.). Names which appear in the list of page styles in OpenOffice.org are actually names of "master pages". However, to work with physical aspects of the presentation, you have to access the associated "page master".
To complicate matters, there are also header and footer styles. Each object contained in a header or footer (e.g. paragraph or image) has a style. The number and range of styles are much larger that you would imagine just looking at the Stylist tool in OpenOffice.org. Up to a point, OODoc::Styles methods make life easier for you by masking some of this complexity.
In OODoc::Styles methods, styles are normally indicated by their logical names (which must be unique), but, except where otherwise stated, they can also be indicated by their style element reference. Moreover, when a method is expecting a page master as an argument but the programmer passes it a master page instead (whether by design or by mistake), it "knows" in most cases how to automatically select the associated page master.
Defining a style requires a great many attributes. Some appear in code examples in this manual, but for a full list of possible attributes for each style, you must refer to the OpenOffice.org specification or publications derived from it.
OODoc::Styles module is designed to allow applications to manipulate any style and even create new ones. It is not recommended, however, to use it to create a presentation entirely from code. Here again, it is better to start from document templates which already contain at least a blank of each required style.
Short form: ooStyles(<parameters>) See OpenOffice::OODoc::XPath->new. The member loaded by default is "styles.xml" which gives access to named or automatic styles associated with the page layout. The "content.xml" member should be forced if the application is to work with styles associated with the document body (automatic styles only).
Allows you to check the background image's link (if found) for the page style given as the first argument. If another link is given as the second argument, it replaces the existing link. See imageLink in OODoc::Image about links. Put more simply, a link is the address of the graphics file which corresponds to the physical content of the image. Even though the background image belongs to the "page master", the first argument can also be either a "master page" or a "page master". If the second argument "link" is given, its value replaces the existing link in the same way as with imageLink. Example: $doc->backgroundImageLink ("Standard", "http://www.genicorp.com/back.jpg"); If the page did not have a background image before the call, one is created. It must, however, be an external linked image (as in the above example), unless the link represents the internal address of an already loaded image. This method does not itself carry out any physical import of an image. See also importBackgroundImage.
Creates a new page style. Options are: 'page-master' => 'page master' style name 'next' => next 'page master' style name The association with a "page master" allows you to associate a layout to the page. Otherwise the page will have a default layout. Example: $doc->createMasterPage ( "MyPageStyle", 'page-master' => 'pm1', 'next' => 'Standard' ); See the OpenOffice.org documentation (or the 'Organizer' tab in the "Format/Page" dialog box) if you want to know what a "Next Style" is. The optional "next" parameter simply gives the name of a "master page", which can be the one you are currently creating.
Creates a new layout style (page master) which can be used by a page style (master page). Options are the same as for updatePageMaster.
Creates a new style of any type or class (depending on options) and returns its reference if successful. The first argument indicates the new style name which must be unique in the document. The call returns undef and produces an error message if the style already exists. Caution: its uniqueness is only checked by one XML member. This means that it is technically possible to create two styles with the same name, one in content.xml and the other in styles.xml. Possible options are passed in the form of a hash. If the active OODoc::Styles object is associated with a document content (content.xml), the new style is always taken to be an automatic style. If associated with the styles.xml member, the new style is considered to be a named style by default. However, the category => 'automatic' option (or category => 'auto') allows you to specify it as an automatic style. Please note: in the case of content.xml, the "category" option is ignored as all styles are automatic in this member. By default, the method stores a style in the form of an XML element "style:style" (which corresponds to the most commonly used content styles). Some style elements are indicated in a different way. The "namespace" and "type" options are available for this. If, for example, you want to create a footer configuration style (called "text:footnote-configuration" in the OpenOffice.org specification), you will have to specify the "footnote-configuration" type explicitly in the "text" namespace using one of the following two options: namespace => 'text', type => 'footnote-configuration' The following is the list of options: namespace => namespace type => style type family => style family (text, paragraph, ...) class => style class parent => parent style (inherit) next => next style If other style "organisation" attributes (often for links to other styles) prove to be needed but are not on the above list, they must be grouped together in a hash provided by the application and indicated by a "references" option. Of course, if you create a new style, you do not just sort it into type, class or family, etc. You attribute its own presentation attributes which can be inherited by other styles which cite it as "parent". These personal attributes (whose nature obviously depends on the style type) are all attributed by the "properties" attribute which itself indicates a hash provided by the application. Here is an example of a paragraph style creation: $doc->createStyle ( "Colour", family => 'paragraph', parent => 'Standard', properties => { 'style:font-name' => 'Times', 'fo:font-size' => '14pt', 'fo:font-weight' => 'bold', 'fo:font-style' => 'italic', 'fo:color' => '#000080', 'style:text-background-color' => '#ffff00' } ); $doc->setStyle($doc->getParagraph(3), "P3"); This sequence gives paragraph 3 of the document a lovely Times font in dark blue size 14 bold italics on a yellow background. This is done using a style called "Colour" (reusable later for other paragraphs) based on the "Standard" style. You will note that the colour codes are in RGB hexadecimal preceded by a '#' [35] . In this example, "namespace" and "type" are not specified because the default namespace and type are appropriate here. (Rest assured that this is often the case when working with text styles.) Another example: $doc->createStyle ( "Photo1", family => 'graphics', parent => 'Graphics', properties => { 'style:vertical-pos' => 'from-top', 'style:horizontal-pos' => 'from-left', 'style:vertical-rel' => 'page', 'style:horizontal-rel' => 'page', 'draw:luminance' => '4%', 'draw:contrast' => '2%', 'draw:gamma' => '1.1', 'draw:transparency' => '5%', 'draw:red' => '-3%', 'draw:green' => '2%' } ); The "Photo1" style defined above is of course an image style i.e. in the "graphics" family, based on the parent graphics style "Graphics". Any images to which this style will be applied will have coordinates which relate to the upper left edge of the page measured from top to bottom and left to right. They will be presented with an increase in luminosity of 4% and contrast of 2%, gamma correction of 1.1 and 5% transparency. Moreover, 3% less red and 2% more green will freshen the image and highlight the vibrancy of the chlorophyll. There are yet more in the list of options, so don't throw out your holiday snaps! Defining a style entirely from code can be made a lot easier by reusing an already existing style. The simplest way is by inheritance using the "parent" option, but the link to "parent" creates a permanent dependency (any further changes will affect the parent and children). OODoc::Styles offers another possibility: copy the properties of an existing style, without creating a link to a parent using the "prototype" option. This option points to another style whose properties are then taken up and combined with the new properties. New properties prevail over old ones if the new properties replace existing attributes in the prototype style, just like when they are inherited. Example: $doc->createStyle ( "Bigger", prototype => "Colour", properties => { 'fo:font-size' => '16pt' } ); This new style called "Bigger" is an exact copy of the "Colour" style, except for the font size. Generally speaking, explicit parameters passed by an application (e.g. font size) prevail over prototype's parameters. The prototype parameter can be a style name (as in the above example) or a style element reference. In any case, the latter form is mandatory if the copied style comes from another document (or from another XML member in the same OpenOffice.org archive). You cannot actually search for a style using its logical name unless that style exists in the current document. If you want to create a style called "MyStyle", for example, in document $doc1 which imitates a style called "HisStyle" in document $doc2 (where both documents are OODoc::Styles or OODoc::Document objects), you can do the following: $doc1->createStyle ( "MyStyle", prototype => $doc2->getStyleElement("HisStyle") ); The getStyleElement (called in $doc2) provides the style element which corresponds to the given name. Not only can you import styles available in other documents, but you can also create automatic styles in content.xml which are derived from named styles found in styles.xml and vice-versa. Always be careful of dependencies. There are often dependencies between styles (heritage or usage). An application must be wary of importing styles without modification which are directly or indirectly dependent on other styles which are not available in the target document. Text styles are fairly easy to control in this way, but table, page and graphic styles, for example, have more complex dependencies. See the OpenOffice.org format documentation for a complete list of possible attributes for each type of style.
Exports the graphics file which corresponds to the background image of a page style where the image exists and is internal to the OpenOffice.org archive. (A linked image is obviously not exportable since it is not actually present in the document.) See the exportImage method in OODoc::Image for export details. Example: $doc->exportBackgroundImage ("First Page", "C:\Images\backgrnd.jpg");
Returns a list of automatic style elements in the current document. By default, only "style" type elements in the "style" namespace are returned. You can select special styles using the "namespace" and "type" options. For example, if you want to get a list of number styles (namespace "number", type "number-style"), do it like this: my @styles = $doc->getAutoStyleList (namespace => 'number', type => 'number-style');
Returns the attributes of the given page style's background image (if any), in the form of a hash (attribute => value).
Returns the element reference of the given page style's background image (if found).
Returns the given default style's attributes (if any). Default styles are generally "paragraph" and "graphics". See also updateDefaultStyle.
Returns the default style element's reference given by its logical name. A default style describes default values assigned to certain attributes of a given style family. For example, to get the default paragraph style of a document, use: my $def_para = $doc->getDefaultStyleElement("paragraph");
Returns a footer paragraph's reference, if the page has a footer and the paragraph exists. Arguments are master page and paragraph number.
Like getFooterParagraph, but for a header.
Returns a master page element reference whose logical name is given, or undef if the page style is not found. You can also pass an element reference instead of a name. In this case, the method's role is simply to check if the element is indeed a master page type. If so, it returns the argument as is. If not, it returns undef.
Returns a list of named styles in the current document, using the same options as for getAutoStyleList. By definition, in OpenOffice.org documents this list should be empty in all elements except styles.xml.
Returns the description of a page master style. The argument can be either a page master style directly or a master page style which refers to it. The structure of returned data is a hash of hashes. It contains four elements, each of which is a hash. As follows: - "references": style reference attributes with at least its name and possibly its links to other styles. - "properties": background description (dimensions, orientation, margins, colour, etc.). - "header": presentation attributes for the header. - "footer": presentation attributes for the footer. - "footnote-sep": footnote separator attributes. - "background-image": background image attributes. Attributes are displayed according to OpenOffice.org specifications.
Returns the page master element reference from a search argument which can be either a logical name or a page style reference. If the argument is a master page, the method returns the corresponding page master.
Returns a style's description (other than a page style) given as a logical name or reference. The structure of returned data is a hash of hashes. It contains the two following elements: - "references": style reference attributes with at least its name and possibly its links to other styles (either its family, parent style, class and/or next style). - "properties": description of the presentation characteristics for this style (and which depend on the type of object the style is applied to). Remember that this structure can be used directly by an application to create or update another style.
Returns a style element's reference using its name. If the first argument is already an element reference, it returns the argument if it is indeed a style element, and undef if not. By default, the style name is sought amongst "style" type elements in the "style" namespace. If an application is looking for a special style (e.g. page or number), then it can pass the optional parameters "namespace" and/or "type". See the section on createStyle for these concepts. A search is of course limited to automatic styles if the current XML document is content. If the document is styles, the search for the name is made in all styles by default. You can, however, limit it with the "path" parameter where "path" equals "auto" to search in automatic styles or "named" in named styles.
Combines the results of getAutoStyleList and getNamedStyleList (same options).
Imports a background image into the given page style from an external file. The page style can be either a page master or a master page. An optional link can be inserted (e.g. to reuse an existing link). See backgroundImageLink or imageLink (in OODoc::Image) for information about links. Otherwise, an internal link under "Pictures/" is created by default and takes the name of the source file. Returns the link if found, undef if not. Caution: the actual import is not made until a save is called (see importImage in OODoc::Image).
Returns the given page style's footer element reference (master page) or undef if not found. If the second argument is a content element, it is added to the footer. If the footer does not exist, it is created.
Returns the given page style's header element reference (master page) or undef if not found. If the second argument is a content element, it is added to the header. If the header does not exist, it is created.
Returns or modifies the layout style name (page master) of a given page style (master page). If the second argument is given, it replaces the old page master value i.e. it changes the layout of the page without changing the header or footer content.
Deletes the given style. The argument and options are the same as for getStyleElement. The method returns "True" (1) if successful or undef if the style is not found.
Returns the first (or only) available style in the given family (using the "family" attribute), or undef if not found. Options are the same as for getStyleElement. Example: my $style = $doc->selectStyleElementByFamily ( "graphics", type => 'default-style' ); selects the element which describes the default graphic style. This method is useful for selecting styles whose "family" attribute is their identifier (and which do not have a "name" attribute). For example, this is the case for default styles where there is normally a default style for the "paragraph" family and another for the "graphics" family. In the above example, we used the "type" option where the type is "default-style" and not "style". We did not use the "namespace" option because it would be pointless to know that the default style namespace is just the default namespace ("style").
Like selectStyleElementByFamily but returns a list of elements which belong to the given family. The "family" argument is treated as a regular expression, so an application must therefore give the appropriate meta-characters if the search is to be limited to the exact family name.
Returns a list of styles whose names match the first argument (which is treated as a regular expression). Options are the same as for the other selectStyleElementsXXX methods.
Inserts or replaces a background image in a page style. The "page" argument points either to the page master directly, or to the master page to which it refers. Options point to the graphics object and how it is presented. The returned value is the created or modified background image's element reference (see getBackgroundImageElement). You should first indicate the graphics file which contains the image and whether it will merely be linked to the page by reference, or if it has to be physically imported into the OpenOffice.org file. To "link" the image, you supply its address using the "link" option. To import it, you supply the image using the "import" option. Examples: $doc->setBackgroundImage ( "First page", import => "C:\Images\Logo.jpg" ); $doc->setBackgroundImage ( "First page", link => "C:\Images\Logo.jpg" ); These two calls produce the same effect, but the second only inserts a link to the image. Remember that if by error an application supplies both the "link" and "import" options, the "import" option is the one that prevails. The other options control the import of images as backgrounds. By default, OODoc::Styles installs the image in the centre without tiling and with an automatic update-on-load attribute if the image is by external link. You can choose other options using the OpenOffice.org standard vocabulary. To link a background image which is stretched to fit the entire page, use the following: $doc->setBackgoundImage ( "First page", link => "C:\Images\back.jpg", 'style:repeat' => 'stretch' );
The first form checks that the given argument is indeed a "style" element reference and, if it is, returns its name (undef if not). If a name is given as the second argument, it replaces the style name. In the second form, the current style name is given. In this case, and without any other arguments, the method only checks if the given name is indeed a style and returns a positive result (undef if not). It is still possible to change its name using this form, by using the "newname" option. With this form, some other options allow you to choose the namespace, type and category (automatic or named). These options are "namespace", "type" and "category" (see getStyleElement for these concepts). Without these parameters, the default values are the same as for getStyleElement.
This method is for checking and updating the properties of a style. It is more limited than updateStyle, but easier to code. The styleProperties method accesses only the style's description and does not touch its references, such as its name, class or family (see getStyleAttributes). With no options, the current style's properties are simply returned in the form of a hash in which the keys are attributes belonging to the OpenOffice.org standard vocabulary and which depend on the type of object. The same data structure can be used to modify a style's properties by passing options as a hash. This structure is the same as the sub-hash "properties" of getStyleAttributes or updateStyle. If you wanted to redo the style we called "Colour" (see createStyle), for example, changing the colour of the characters to red and replacing the italics with standard font, you could do it as follows: $doc->styleProperties ( "Colour", 'fo:color' => "#ff0000", 'fo:font-style' => undef ); This short sequence sets the "fo:color" attribute to red and clears the "font-style" attribute. Remember that in RGB notation, the quantity of red is given by the first two hexadecimal digits, which here are set to maximum, and by setting the green and blue to zero. The "font-style" attribute had previously been set to "italic". styleProperties returns all the style's properties but only modifies those that have been set using options. To clear an existing property without giving it a new value, you must pass the corresponding option giving it a null value.
Switches a portrait page to landscape and vice-versa. The argument is a page style (page master or master page).
Modifies the default style for the given family according to an options hash given by the application. The family is generally "paragraph" or "graphics". Options are given according to the OpenOffice.org style attributes vocabulary. The following example shows how to change the font, font size and default tab stops in the text: $doc->updateDefaultStyle ( "paragraph", 'fo:font-name' => 'Helvetica', 'fo:font-size' => '10pt', 'style:tab-stop-distance' => '1.5cm' );
Modifies all types of page presentation style characteristics (page master). The style given as the first argument can be either the appropriate page master style directly, or a page style (master page) to which it refers. Options can be passed in the form of a hash of hashes (each option itself points to a hash containing the base attributes). The four top-level elements are as follows: references => name, family, etc. properties => global presentation attributes header => header presentation style footer => footer presentation style footnote-sep => footnote separator style background-image => backgrnd.jpg image characteristics The "references" branch will not generally be used unless you want to change the style's name. This data structure is the same as returned by getMasterPageAttributes. A combination of these two methods allows you to copy the characteristics of one page style to another easily, especially when you want to apply the page setup of one document to another. When you only want to modify an existing style however, you only need to specify the attributes which you want to change. A "prototype" option allows you to clone the characteristics of an existing page master. This option can indicate either an existing page master reference, its logical name, or even the reference or logical name of a master page which refers to it. Only the first method is supported if the prototype page master belongs to another document. The style name is not replaced by the prototype style name. See also createStyle about using a prototype style. The following example shows the code required to change several properties of the "Right page" style i.e. top margin width, background colour, maximum footnote height, minimum header height and the colour and width of the footnote separator. $doc->updatePageMaster ( "Right page", properties => { 'fo:margin-top' => '2.5cm', 'fo:background-color => '#88eecc', 'style:footnote-max-height' => '3cm' }, 'footnote-sep' => { 'style:width' => '0.02cm', 'style:color' => '#0000ff' }, header => { 'fo:min-height' => '2cm' } ); Once again, it is better to start with a getMasterPageAttributes of an existing page than to create all your styles from code.
Modifies the characteristics of an existing style. Options are the same as for createStyle except for "category", "namespace" and "type" which cannot be changed in an existing style since they form part of its basic identity. A style's logical name can, however, be changed. You can use the "prototype" option to update a style with another style's characteristics, but this option does not replace the style's name with the prototype's name. By definition, the style already exists and can be indicated equally well by reference or by name. Returns the characteristics of the modified style, as in getStyleAttributes.
Populates the %OpenOffice::OODoc::Styles::COLORMAP hash from the content of an RGB file. This file defines a colour dictionary. Without argument, the content of the $COLORMAP variable is considered as the filename. Each line must contain 4 space-separated fields. The 3 first fields represent, respectively, the red, green and blue values of a colour and must be positive integer values in the 0-255 range. The remainder of the line is considered as the symbolic name of a colour (it can contain spaces). Example: 144 238 144 light green 139 0 139 dark magenta 255 105 180 hot pink 255 99 71 tomato Such a file is sometimes provided in a system directory (for example /usr/lib/X11/rgb.txt in some Unix systems). In any case, the users can easily find and download it somewhere. For example, a convenient rgb.txt file is provided with the Color::Rgb Perl module (CPAN). When a COLORMAP is loaded, the programmer can provide symbolic, user- friendly names in place of RGB values to the rgb2oo() function. Without argument, the content of the $COLORMAP variable is considered as the filename. When the OpenOffice::OODoc::Styles module is loaded as a consequence of a "use OpenOffice::OODoc" statement, ooLoadColorMap() is automatically executed if a valid filename is provided in the <Styles-COLORMAP> element of the "OODoc/config.xml" file.
Returns the conventional RGB value of an OOo-encoded colour. In array context, returns a 3-element array containing the red, green, blue decimal values of the colour. In scalar context, returns either a string with concatenated, comma separated red, green, blue values, or, if these values exactly match a known colour (according to the current %COLORMAP), the corresponding symbolic name. This function can be used to display or compute separately the RGB values of any colour attribute of a style, or to export these values to an image processing software. It produces the same result as the hex2rgb() method of the Color::Rgb Perl module.
Converts an RGB or named colour in OOo-compliant hexadecimal format (6 digits after a leading '#'). The 1st form has the same effect as the rgb2hex() function of the Color::Rgb Perl module. The resulting value can be used to set any colour attribute in a style. In the first form, the 3 arguments are the conventional numeric RGB values (between 0 an 255). In the second form, the only one argument is a string containing the comma-separated RGB values. In the third form, the given string is the symbolic name of a colour (the name must be an existing one in the %COLORMAP hash). Example: ooLoadColorMap("D:\MyDocuments\Colors.txt"); $doc->styleProperties ( "HighColors", 'fo:color' => rgb2oo('black'), 'style:text-background-color' => rgb2oo('yellow') ); If the argument seems to be already an hexadecimal RGB string (i.e. it begins by "#"), rgb2oo() checks it and returns it unchanged if it's a regular RGB value, or undef if not.
The %COLORMAP hash, defined as a class variable, contains a name to RGB translation table. When loaded, it allows the rgb2oo() function to use symbolic names in place of RGB values. The keys are symbolic, user-defined colour names, and the values are strings containing the concatenated, comma-separated RGB values. Example: %OpenOffice::OODoc::Styles::COLORMAP{'antique white'} = "250,235,215"; By default, this hash contains a short, arbitrary set of colour definitions such as 'red', 'green', 'blue', 'white', 'black' and a few others. The user can populate it from an external RGB file, through the ooLoadColorMap() function previously described, and/or through program instructions like the example above.
See OpenOffice::OODoc::Notes(3) for the footnote citations ([n]) included in this page.
This man page has been adapted from a chapter of the original reference manual. This manual is in OpenOffice.org (SXW) format.
It's freely downloadable from the project page (http://www.genicorp.com/devel/oodoc)
Copyright 2004 by Genicorp, S.A. (http://www.genicorp.com)
Initial developer: Jean-Marie Gouarne (http://jean.marie.gouarne.online.fr)
Initial English version of the reference manual by Graeme A. Hunter (graeme.hunter@zen.co.uk)
Licensing conditions:
- Genicorp General Public Licence v1.0 - GNU Lesser General Public License v2.1
Contact: oodoc@genicorp.com
To install OpenOffice::OODoc, copy and paste the appropriate command in to your terminal.
cpanm
cpanm OpenOffice::OODoc
CPAN shell
perl -MCPAN -e shell install OpenOffice::OODoc
For more information on module installation, please visit the detailed CPAN module installation guide.