NAME

Catalyst::Plugin::I18N::Manual - (Draft) I18N and L10N with Catalyst and Template Toolkit.

OUTLINE

    Prerequisites:
     - perl >= 5.8.0
     - Catalyst >= 5.33
     - Catalyst::Plugin::I18N >= 0.04
     - Catalyst::Plugin::Unicode >= 0.2
     - Catlayst::View::TT && Template-Toolkit >= 2.14
     - GNU gettext utilities
     - An editor that understands UTF-8 and Byte Order Mark (BOM)

    $ catalyst.pl MyApp
    created "MyApp"
    created "MyApp/script"
    created "MyApp/lib"
    created "MyApp/root"
    created "MyApp/root/static"
    created "MyApp/root/static/images"
    created "MyApp/t"
    created "MyApp/lib/MyApp"
    created "MyApp/lib/MyApp/Model"
    created "MyApp/lib/MyApp/View"
    created "MyApp/lib/MyApp/Controller"
    created "MyApp/lib/MyApp.pm"
    created "MyApp/Makefile.PL"
    created "MyApp/README"
    created "MyApp/Changes"
    created "MyApp/t/01app.t"
    created "MyApp/t/02pod.t"
    created "MyApp/t/03podcoverage.t"
    created "MyApp/root/static/images/catalyst_logo.png"
    created "MyApp/root/static/images/btn_120x50_built.png"
    created "MyApp/root/static/images/btn_120x50_built_shadow.png"
    created "MyApp/root/static/images/btn_120x50_powered.png"
    created "MyApp/root/static/images/btn_120x50_powered_shadow.png"
    created "MyApp/root/static/images/btn_88x31_built.png"
    created "MyApp/root/static/images/btn_88x31_built_shadow.png"
    created "MyApp/root/static/images/btn_88x31_powered.png"
    created "MyApp/root/static/images/btn_88x31_powered_shadow.png"
    created "MyApp/root/favicon.ico"
    created "MyApp/script/myapp_cgi.pl"
    created "MyApp/script/myapp_fastcgi.pl"
    created "MyApp/script/myapp_server.pl"
    created "MyApp/script/myapp_test.pl"
    created "MyApp/script/myapp_create.pl"

    $ cd MyApp
    $ vim lib/MyApp.pm

    use Catalyst qw/-Debug I18N Unicode/;
    
    sub begin : Private {
        my ( $self, $c ) = @_;
        
        my $locale = $c->request->param('locale');
        
        $c->response->headers->push_header( 'Vary' => 'Accept-Language' );  # hmm vary and param?
        $c->languages( $locale ? [ $locale ] : undef );
    }

    sub default : Private {
        my ( $self, $c ) = @_;

        my $name = $c->request->param('name') || $c->loc('Guest');

        $c->response->content_type('text/plain; charset=utf-8');
        $c->response->body( $c->loc( 'Welcome [_1]!', $name ) );
    }

    $ mkdir lib/MyApp/I18N
    $ xgettext.pl --output=lib/MyApp/I18N/messages.pot --directory=lib/
    $ ls lib/MyApp/I18N/
    messages.pot

    $ msginit --input=lib/MyApp/I18N/messages.pot --output=lib/MyApp/I18N/sv.po --locale=sv
    Created lib/MyApp/I18N/sv.po.

    $ vim lib/MyApp/I18N/sv.po

    "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8\n"

    #: lib/MyApp.pm:50
    msgid "Guest"
    msgstr "Gäst"

    #. ($name)
    #: lib/MyApp.pm:54
    msgid "Welcome %1!"
    msgstr "Välkommen %1!"

    $ perl script/myapp_server.pl
    [Fri Dec  2 03:52:45 2005] [catalyst] [debug] Debug messages enabled
    [Fri Dec  2 03:52:47 2005] [catalyst] [debug] Loaded plugins:
    .------------------------------------------------------------------------------.
    | Catalyst::Plugin::I18N                                                       |
    | Catalyst::Plugin::Unicode                                                    |
    '------------------------------------------------------------------------------'

    [Fri Dec  2 03:52:47 2005] [catalyst] [debug] Loaded dispatcher "Catalyst::Dispatcher"
    [Fri Dec  2 03:52:47 2005] [catalyst] [debug] Loaded engine "Catalyst::Engine::HTTP"
    [Fri Dec  2 03:52:47 2005] [catalyst] [debug] Found home "/Users/chansen/MyApp"
    [Fri Dec  2 03:52:48 2005] [catalyst] [debug] Initialized i18n "MyApp::I18N"
    [Fri Dec  2 03:52:48 2005] [catalyst] [debug] Loaded Private actions:
    .----------------------+----------------------------------------+--------------.
    | Private              | Class                                  | Method       |
    +----------------------+----------------------------------------+--------------+
    | /default             | MyApp                                  | default      |
    '----------------------+----------------------------------------+--------------'

    [Fri Dec  2 03:52:48 2005] [catalyst] [info] MyApp powered by Catalyst 5.57
    You can connect to your server at http://localhost:3000

    # point your browser to http://localhost:3000/?name=Joe
    # output should render:

    Välkommen Joe!

    $ vim lib/MyApp.pm

    sub default : Private {

        # ...

        $c->response->body( $c->loc( 'Welcome to my homepage [_1]!', $name ) );
    }
    
    $ xgettext.pl --output=lib/MyApp/I18N/messages.pot --directory=lib/
    $ msgmerge --update lib/MyApp/I18N/sv.po lib/MyApp/I18N/messages.pot
    . done.

    $ vim lib/MyApp/I18N/sv.po

    #. ($name)
    #: lib/MyApp.pm:54
    msgid "Welcome to my homepage %1!"
    msgstr "Välkommen till min hemsida %1!"

    $ perl script/myapp_server.pl

    # point your browser to http://localhost:3000/?name=Joe
    # output should render:

    Välkommen till min hemsida Joe!

    $ perl script/myapp_create.pl view TT TT
     exists "/Users/chansen/MyApp/script/../lib/MyApp/View"
     exists "/Users/chansen/MyApp/script/../t"
    created "/Users/chansen/MyApp/script/../lib/MyApp/View/TT.pm"
    created "/Users/chansen/MyApp/script/../t/view_TT.t"
    
    $ vim lib/MyApp.pm

    sub default : Private {
        my ( $self, $c ) = @_;

        my $name = $c->request->param('name') || $c->loc('Guest');

        $c->response->content_type('text/plain; charset=utf-8');
        $c->stash(
            name     => $name,
            template => 'test.tt' 
        );
        
        $c->forward('MyApp::View::TT');
    }

    $ vim root/test.tt # Save file in UTF-8 with BOM
    
    [% c.loc( 'Welcome to my place [_1]!', c.stash.name ) %]
    
    $ xgettext.pl --output=lib/MyApp/I18N/messages.pot --directory=lib/ --directory=root/
    $ msgmerge --update lib/MyApp/I18N/sv.po lib/MyApp/I18N/messages.pot
    . done.    
    
    $ vim lib/MyApp/I18N/sv.po

    #. (c.stash.name)
    #: root/test.tt:1
    msgid "Welcome to my place %1!"
    msgstr "Välkommen till mitt ställe %1!"
    
    $ perl script/myapp_server.pl 
    [Fri Dec  2 05:12:58 2005] [catalyst] [debug] Debug messages enabled
    [Fri Dec  2 05:12:58 2005] [catalyst] [debug] Loaded plugins:
    .------------------------------------------------------------------------------.
    | Catalyst::Plugin::I18N                                                       |
    | Catalyst::Plugin::Unicode                                                    |
    '------------------------------------------------------------------------------'

    [Fri Dec  2 05:12:58 2005] [catalyst] [debug] Loaded dispatcher "Catalyst::Dispatcher"
    [Fri Dec  2 05:12:58 2005] [catalyst] [debug] Loaded engine "Catalyst::Engine::HTTP"
    [Fri Dec  2 05:12:58 2005] [catalyst] [debug] Found home "/Users/chansen/MyApp"
    [Fri Dec  2 05:12:58 2005] [catalyst] [debug] Initialized i18n "MyApp::I18N"
    [Fri Dec  2 05:12:59 2005] [catalyst] [debug] Loaded components:
    .-------------------------------------------------------------------+----------.
    | Class                                                             | Type     |
    +-------------------------------------------------------------------+----------+
    | MyApp::View::TT                                                   | instance |
    '-------------------------------------------------------------------+----------'

    [Fri Dec  2 05:12:59 2005] [catalyst] [debug] Loaded Private actions:
    .----------------------+----------------------------------------+--------------.
    | Private              | Class                                  | Method       |
    +----------------------+----------------------------------------+--------------+
    | /default             | MyApp                                  | default      |
    '----------------------+----------------------------------------+--------------'

    [Fri Dec  2 05:12:59 2005] [catalyst] [info] MyApp powered by Catalyst 5.57
    You can connect to your server at http://localhost:3000
    
    # point your browser to http://localhost:3000/?name=Joe
    # output should render:

    Välkommen till mitt ställe Joe!

INTRODUCTION

INTERNATIONALIZATION

CONTENT NEGOTIATION

Server-driven

Agent-driven

LOCALIZATION

STAYING IN SYNC

TEMPLATE TOOLKIT

RESOURCES

Documentation

Definitions

Internationalization and localization: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internationalization_and_localization
Locale: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locale
Byte Order Mark (BOM): http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byte_Order_Mark
Character encoding: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Character_encoding
Collation: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collation
Content Negotiation: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Content_Negotiation
Unicode: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicode

Guides

Guidelines, Checklists, and Resources: http://www.i18nguy.com/guidelines.html
Localisation Guide: http://translate.sourceforge.net/wiki/guide/start

Perl

Perl Locale handling

http://search.cpan.org/dist/perl/pod/perllocale.pod

Perl Unicode introduction

http://search.cpan.org/dist/perl/pod/perluniintro.pod

Perl Unicode support

http://search.cpan.org/dist/perl/pod/perlunicode.pod

Unicode-processing issues in Perl and how to cope with it

http://www.ahinea.com/en/tech/perl-unicode-struggle.html

Web Localization in Perl

http://search.cpan.org/dist/Locale-Maketext-Lexicon/docs/webl10n.html

Localization and Perl: gettext breaks, Maketext fixes

http://search.cpan.org/dist/Locale-Maketext/lib/Locale/Maketext/TPJ13.pod

Lessons Learned with Perl and UTF-8

http://www.justatheory.com/computers/programming/perl/utf8_trials.html

UTF-8 and Perl (In Five Minutes)

Slides from a talk given by Mark Fowler.

http://www.twoshortplanks.com/talks/utf8/perlandutf8.pdf

Perl Loves UTF-8

Slides from a talk given by Tom Insam.

http://jerakeen.org/slush/talk-perl-loves-utf8

Perl I18N Mailing List

http://lists.cpan.org/showlist.cgi?name=perl-i18n

Perl Unicode Mailing List

http://lists.cpan.org/showlist.cgi?name=perl-unicode

Portals

Google Directory - Computers > Software > Globalization: http://www.google.com/Top/Computers/Software/Globalization/
Internationalization (I18N), Localization (L10N), Standards, and Amusements: http://www.i18nguy.com/

Standards

RFC 2616 Hypertext Transfer Protocol -- HTTP/1.1

http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616.html

Section 12: Content Negotiation: http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec12.html#sec12
Section 13: Caching in HTTP: http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec13.html#sec13
Section 13.6: Caching Negotiated Responses: http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec13.html#sec13.6

RFC 3066 Tags for the Identification of Languages

http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc3066.html

Web

W3C Internationalization (I18N) Activity: http://www.w3.org/International/
Authoring Techniques for XHTML & HTML Internationalization: Characters and Encodings 1.0: http://www.w3.org/TR/i18n-html-tech-char/
Authoring Techniques for XHTML & HTML Internationalization: Specifying the language of content 1.0: http://www.w3.org/TR/i18n-html-tech-lang/